Cyanobacteria began contributing oxygen to Earth's mostly noxious atmosphere more than 2 billion years ago. The photosystem ...

Human genes that encode proteins often contain non-coding segments known as introns. Removing introns is crucial for the proper expression of genetic information. Understanding how our cells ...

In human cells, only a small proportion of the information written in genes is used to produce proteins. How does the cell ...

Biomedical engineers at Duke University have demonstrated a promising new approach that could be used to treat a rare and ...

Enzymes significantly speed up the chemical reactions that keep you alive. Researchers are using AI to create new ones to tackle modern challenges.

You may have heard that eating complex carbs is better than simple carbs. But nutrition labels don’t always tell you if the carbohydrate content is simple or complex. Complex carbohydrates are ...

They have specific roles in the organism of which they are part. Their structure is adapted to their function. They are often grouped together with other similar cells in tissues. Root hair cell ...

Here, the authors show that reduced transport of UDP-GlcNAc to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi leads to increased cytosolic UDP-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAcylation in chondrocytes. This, in turn ...

Decomposition is when we break a problem or task down into smaller parts to make it easier to tackle. Sometimes the problem is so big or so tricky that we don't know where to start. Breaking it ...

The skin is the largest and heaviest organ of the body. To function as a protective barrier, it must cover the entire outside of the body, from the top of a person’s head to the end of the toes. The ...