Now, it’s not a language in the same sense as, say, Java or C++: SQL is considered a fourth-generation language (4GL), whereas Java and C++ are third-generation languages (3GLs).

Books News:Five generations of programming language. March 29, 2025 e-Paper e-Paper ...

While SQL was a serious top 10 player when the index began in 2001, it was taken from the list after someone noted in 2004 that SQL was not a programming language.

In 2004, due to debates about whether SQL counted as a programming language at all, Jansen removed it from the index. In 2018, it was pointed out to Jansen that SQL was Turing complete, ...

Maybe it's not the sexiest programming language, but SQL continues to be relevant. In fact, TIOBE Software, which publishes a TIOBE Programming Community Index gauging the popularity of programming ...

According to Coding Dojo's annual Top Programming Languages report, PHP hit an all-time low. Python continues to dominate the top position.