High-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays are increasingly utilized as light sources in modern lidar and three-dimensional optical sensing systems owing to their strong ...

In this paper, vertical motions of sparse linear arrays (SLAs) are utilized to generate equivalent synthetic planar arrays for two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. The proposed ...

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays represent a pivotal advancement in semiconductor laser technology. These devices emit light perpendicular to the wafer surface, offering ...

To fabricate vertical DNA nanostructure arrays on surfaces, we employed DX tiles, (85) which self-assemble based on the programmable characteristics of DNA. (86,87) These DX tiles are formed by the ...