For instance, an adaptive ant colony algorithm was recently applied to manage crowdsourced multi-depot routing with strict time windows, leading to a significant reduction in operational costs [1].

Emergency events such as natural disasters, environmental events, sudden illness, and social security events pose tremendous threats to people's lives and property security. In order to meet emergency ...

Andreas Stenger, Daniele Vigo, Steffen Enz, Michael Schwind, An Adaptive Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm for a Vehicle Routing Problem Arising in Small Package Shipping, Transportation Science, ...