For instance, an adaptive ant colony algorithm was recently applied to manage crowdsourced multi-depot routing with strict time windows, leading to a significant reduction in operational costs [1].

This paper considers the design and analysis of algorithms for vehicle routing and scheduling problems with time window constraints. Given the intrinsic difficulty of this problem class, approximation ...

Paul M. Thompson, Harilaos N. Psaraftis, Cyclic Transfer Algorithms for Multivehicle Routing and Scheduling Problems, Operations Research, Vol. 41, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct ...