Pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury. Cirrhosis leads to an elevation in intrahepatic vascular resistance. Splanchnic vasodilation increases the production of vasodilators ...

Active surveillance may be an appropriate option for older patients and those with greater comorbidity burden and worse ...

To mitigate the influence of selection bias, investigators matched patients undergoing active surveillance and partial nephrectomy for small renal masses by their risk of dying of noncancer causes.