D printing is an advanced technology that extends the capabilities of traditional 3D printing by enabling printed objects to ...

4D bioprinting of shape-morphing tissues within granular support hydrogels. (CREDIT: Advanced Functional Materials) One of the most powerful parts of the study was the ability to program movement.

This study developed a 4D-printed tubular biocomposite designed for precise moisture-triggered shape changes. The goal was to create sustainable, programmable actuators for applications like solar ...