Abstract: Solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays have non-linear output characteristics, as a result the faults occurring in PV array may not be detected by conventional protection devices. Line-line fault is ...

Figure 2 A suitable shunt linear regulator for small solar arrays. Referring to the figures, the LM10 200mV internal reference (pin 1 + 8) drives the op amp inverting input (pin 2) via R1 = R2R3/ (R2 ...

The novel technique was implemented experimentally in a 12-module (4 x 3) PV array, with each module having and output of 150 W. “Fuzzy logic controller is implemented using Arduino uno ...