The existence of feedback loop in the baroreflex system makes it difficult to determine the open-loop transfer function characteristic of the central arc by which blood pressure (BP) modulates ...

A closed-loop transfer function system is defined by the code, and the step response of both the open-loop and closed-loop systems is plotted. The system's stability is analyzed by plotting its poles ...

Open-loop transfer functions can be used to create closed-loop models of pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) converters. The closed-loop small-signal model can be used to design a controller for the switching ...