Java is an object oriented programming language. But what precisely does that mean? ... It also means that an object can hide its internal data structures from other objects.

Becoming popular in the early 1990s and the norm today, object-oriented programming (OOP) languages, such as C++ and Java, provide a formal set of rules for creating and managing objects.

This class does not focus on object-oriented programming; however, we will examine many examples of object-oriented systems written in Java, Python, and other languages. A primary focus will be the ...