Kefir, a probiotic-rich fermented milk, shows potential in reducing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and beta-amyloid ...

Neuroinflammation significantly contributes to stroke pathophysiology, leading to tissue damage and neurological deficits. Baicalein, a potent 12/15-LOX (12/15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, demonstrates ...

Herpesvirus-encoded microRNAs (v-miRNAs) play a crucial role in modulating host cellular processes to promote viral persistence, immune evasion, and pathogenesis. These v-miRNAs function by targeting ...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that can identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs ...

To enable cells to respond and adapt to their environment, they must be able to receive and process information (or "signals") that originate outside of the cell. Cell signaling – also sometimes ...

Lysosomal acidification is a key feature of healthy cells. Inability to maintain lysosomal acidic pH is associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms elicited by ...

The innate immune response represents the first line of defense of eukaryotic organisms against microbial infections (1). In higher vertebrates such as mammals, innate immune signaling begins with ...