Before the era of large-scale integration (LSI) semiconductor circuits, discrete logic circuits using the common ...

With two failures it will be wrong, but at least the result is unambiguous. Voting Logic in a Circuit Consider the circuit shown above. The output should be the vote of the three flip flops.

Spintronic computing promises superior energy efficiency and nonvolatility compared to conventional field-effect transistor logic. But, it has proven difficult to realize spintronic circuits with ...