However, there is no reason to assume that an attacker would not be interested in hiding malicious payload into a PLC program before it is compiled to machine code.In this paper, I present five ...

In this article, you will learn how to use function blocks for motion control in ladder logic and function block diagram, two common languages for control engineering.

The most common technique used for modeling linear, time-invariant systems is the block diagram, with the mathematical model represented as a transfer function. As an example of the first situation - ...

IEC 61131-3 standard defines five languages for programming industrial controllers. They support both textual and graphical development approaches. In case of Function Block Diagram graphical language ...