Businesses use diagrams, like the Input-Process-Output analysis model, to demonstrate how company processes function. IPO diagrams are useful in different stages of a small business, such as ...

For example, assuming nodes are zero-indexed starting from the top of the diagram, the weight from input node 2 to hidden node 3 has value 1.2. Each hidden and output node, but not any input node, has ...

These can include, for example, the addition of feedback loops from output to input, in doing so creating models analogous to closed-loop control theory.