The higher-order analogue of a graph, for example, is called a hypergraph, and instead of edges, it has “hyperedges.” These can connect multiple nodes, which means it can represent multi-way ...

The study of such graphs is called graph theory. Engineers need to find planarity in a graph when, for example, they are designing a computer chip without a crossed wire.

Additionally, research on planar graphs has yielded new insights into the anti-Ramsey numbers for paths and cycles, thereby bridging classical graph theory with geometric constraints [3].

D. B. West, Introduction to Graph Theory, Prentice Hall 2001 R. Diestel, Graph Theory, Springer 2010. N. L. Biggs, Discrete Mathematics, OUP 2004 J.A.Bondy and U.S.R. Murty, Graph Theory with ...

Graph theory isn’t enough. The mathematical language for talking about connections, which usually depends on networks — vertices (dots) and edges (lines connecting them) — has been an invaluable way ...