Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is already a widely adopted technology in high-speed digital communications. But to understand why it has become ubiquitous in serial data standards, you first must ...

Automatic modulation recognition (AMR) utilizing deep learning has received considerable attention, demonstrating remarkable potential in extracting complex signal features. However, deep ...

When I wrote about why we should blame our hatred of phone calls on equipment and infrastructure rather than human habits, I talked about the digital-switching infrastructure called pulse code ...

The "pulse code" in PCM comes from the telephone company's method of sending a pulse or no pulse down the line. Mu-Law signals typically ride on a single 64 Kbps DS0 channel in a T1 line.