Posted: June 4, 2025 | Last updated: July 11, 2025 Learn how gradient descent really works by building it step by step in Python. No libraries, no shortcuts—just pure math and code made simple.

Wan YJ, Liu XD, Wu GZ et al. Efficient stochastic parallel gradient descent training for on-chip optical processor. Opto-Electron Adv 7, 230182 (2024). doi: 10.29026/oea.2024.230182 ...