Learn why some dinosaurs had air sacs in their vertebrae and how it relates to modern day birds.

The surgical treatment of the disabled throwing shoulder has rapidly evolved. Thanks to many mentors, especially W. Ben ...

Spinal cord compression (SCC ... In such cases, there is direct extension of a paraspinal mass through the epidural foramen, and this extension produces the compression. Finally, metastasis ...

When younger patients, people typically under 60, experience stroke, doctors sometimes find a PFO as the cause. Patients can ...

All spinal nerves pass through an intervertebral foramen and divide into two rami in very close contact with the vertebral arch of the underlying vertebra (Lazorthes, 1971). The second spinal nerve ...

The disc sits between two vertebrae, which are bone. The disc not only creates a cushion between the bones, but just as important, it keeps the intervertebral foramina (IVF) space open.

An MRI of the brain demonstrated a singular 1.5 cm lesion in the third ventricle near the foramen of Monro ... A positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan and an MRI of the complete spine were ...

The Chiari I malformation is a congenital abnormality characterised by downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum into the cervical spine. It presents clinically most ...

The slight hunch you notice in photos. The way your shoulders never quite seem level. Your spine might be trying to tell you something important about its alignment, and understanding exactly what ...