Mike: Nearly every analog instrument uses the 4-20 mA loop. Field transmitters, positioners, and variable frequency drives ...

The Loop is so much more than a recreational biking and walking path. It originally started as river bank protection to control flooding near the Rillito River.

This study proposes a comprehensive strategy to optimize the operation of real-world gas pipeline networks and support decision-making. The goal is to improve environmental sustainability by ...

Photonic crystals articles from across Nature Portfolio Photonic crystals are periodic optical structures that can control the flow of light.

Closed-loop control uses common DC-link voltage as feedback variable, allowing it to be realized from LV side, reducing isolation requirements. Input-series output-parallel (ISOP) modular architecture ...

Furthermore, a saturation-tolerant constrained controller (STCC) which can satisfy performance constraint is designed. Finally, the closed-loop stability is demonstrated based on the Lyapunov method, ...