Discover the ultimate roadmap to mastering machine learning skills in 2025. Learn Python, deep learning, and more to boost ...

In the offline learning stage, a learning model is constructed based on the proposed exact linear regression equations, and then the proposed learning model is solved by the ridge regression (RR) ...

Real-time vehicle data are collected using cameras deployed along highways, and key traffic parameters such as flow, density, and speed are precisely extracted using the YOLOv8 object detection model.