Referencing class fields When initializing a class field, it’s legal to initialize it to the value of a previously initialized class field. For example, Listing 3 initializes y to x ‘s value.

Abstract classes and interfaces in Java serve fundamentally different purposes. Learn the differences between these Java language elements and how to use them in your programs.

Java employs its own binary serialization stream protocol. Serialization is achieved through a combination of the ObjectOutputStream and ObjectInputStream classes, and the implementation of marker ...

Java Scanner vs Console for user input The easiest way to garner input from the user in a Java program is through the Console class. But Java’s Console class has two big disadvantages: It does not ...

While there are workarounds -- for example, you could introduce a Factory class to generate transaction objects -- this adds complexity and could become a maintenance burden. Another approach could be ...