Closed-loop flyback converter block diagram Before making the necessary calculations for the controller to stabilize the peak current control mode flyback, it’s important to understand the components ...

Open-loop systems are fine for light use in clean water. For everyone else, closed-loop systems offer better protection, longer life, and fewer nightmares when something inevitably goes wrong.

How Closed-Loop Cooling Works In a closed-loop setup, the engine circulates engine coolant (typically a 50-50 mix of antifreeze and distilled water) through its water jacket, just like a car engine.