Graph theory isn’t enough. The mathematical language for talking about connections, which usually depends on networks—vertices (dots) and edges (lines connecting them)—has been an invaluable ...

The study of such graphs is called graph theory. Engineers need to find planarity in a graph when, for example, they are designing a computer chip without a crossed wire.

Ecologists are familiar with two data structures commonly used to represent landscapes. Vector-based maps delineate land cover types as polygons, while raster lattices represent the landscape as a ...

Graph theory isn’t enough. The mathematical language for talking about connections, which usually depends on networks — vertices (dots) and edges (lines connecting them) — has been an invaluable way ...