Antenna-based soil moisture sensors are a growing technology, there is limited research into the impact of the reader antenna's placement and polarization. Studies assume a clear Line-of-Sight (LoS) ...

Agriculture is a cornerstone of the Indian economy, with approximately 58% of rural households relying on it as their primary livelihood. Soil moisture is a critical factor in agriculture, affecting ...

This Arduino based IR reflectance sensor can be easily modified and adapted for various practical applications, including line-following robots and proximity or edge detection.