Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are widely used in industrial electronic systems. With the augmenting complexity of system, the reliability poses a crucial challenge in safety critical ...

The volume also provides a solid foundation in PLC programming, focusing on key programming languages such as Ladder Logic, Function Block Diagram, and Structured Text, which are essential for ...

6. Function Block Diagrams use elementary blocks to represent functions and receive inputs from lines entering from the left. Lines exiting to the right represent output results. PLC Communications ...

IEEE Access (2021). [3] Transformation of Function Block Diagrams to UPPAAL timed automata for the verification of safety applications. Annual Reviews in Control (2012).