A puzzle that has long flummoxed computers and the scientists who program them has suddenly become far more manageable. A new algorithm efficiently solves the graph isomorphism problem, computer ...

The Forward-Forward algorithm (FF) is comparable in speed to backpropagation but has the advantage that it can be used when the precise details of the forward computation are unknown.

For decades, computer scientists working on negative-weight graphs tried to match the speed of Dijkstra’s algorithm with similar “combinatorial” algorithms. These involve discrete operations — like ...