Arduino Uno with LCD/Buttons shield on a breakout board. the area occupied by "ca1" shows each test combination that is tried and whether there was conductivity (1) or not (0). ca was the last attempt ...

If you ever work with a circuit that controls a decent amount of current, you will often encounter a FET – a Field-Effect Transistor. Whether you want to control a couple of powerful LEDs ...

One of the simplest techniques for analyzing circuits with diodes and transistors is to use ideal models that simplify their behavior and ignore some of the effects that are not relevant for the ...

The transistors were already at the limit of what steady hands and tiny tweezers could handle. So, scientists wanted to make a whole circuit -- the transistors, the wires, everything else they ...