Code Parsing: Utilize Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) to analyze Python code structures, extracting variables, functions, classes, and their relationships; Semantic Embedding: Generate vector ...

Specifically, this study first employs early fusion techniques based on the abstract syntax tree to incorporate control flow edges and data dependency edges—two types of heterogeneous edges—to ...

We extract the Control Flow Graph and Abstract Syntax Graph from the smart contract code, which are then processed by a GNN to generate feature vectors for classification. Experiments on a real ...