The most common technique used for modeling linear, time-invariant systems is the block diagram, with the mathematical model represented as a transfer function. As an example of the first situation - ...

Function block diagrams (FBDs) improve PLC programming by offering a visual representation of control logic. They simplify complex processes into manageable blocks, making programming more ...

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However, there is no reason to assume that an attacker would not be interested in hiding malicious payload into a PLC program before it is compiled to machine code.In this paper, I present five ...