The most common technique used for modeling linear, time-invariant systems is the block diagram, with the mathematical model represented as a transfer function. As an example of the first situation - ...

Function Block Diagrams (FBDs) are a graphical language for depicting signal and data flows through reusable blocks representing specific functions, like logical operators, timers, and counters.

However, there is no reason to assume that an attacker would not be interested in hiding malicious payload into a PLC program before it is compiled to machine code.In this paper, I present five ...