The difference between the graph data structure and the tree data structure is that the graph can have cycles or loops while the tree data structure cannot. In the context of ... For finding bridges, ...

Based on the standard O(3^k n + 2^k m log n)-time FPT algorithm by Erickson, Monma, and Veinott [1], where k is the number of terminals, we implemented the following separator-based pruned DP ...

Given an undirected weighted connected graph G = (V,E) with vertex set V and edge set E and a designated vertex r ∈ V , we consider the problem of constructing a spanning tree in G that balances both ...

Preplanned recovery using redundant trees in vertex-redundant or edge-redundant graphs is extended to the case where each edge has a cost and the goal is to find a pair of working and protection trees ...