Witness how transistors work together in intricate circuits, powering the systems that run code, execute commands, and drive all your digital experiences.

“The LED may also flash when the E and C leads are switched, but the flash rate will be faster,” Gerbig explained. “This reflects the fact that some types of transistor will operate with their emitter ...

The LED connects across the output transistor because this approach lets the inductive kickback voltage add to the battery-supply voltage and makes the LED brighter. This circuit operates well from ...

A very simple but highly efficient combination lock circuit is shown in the figure. Any type of on/off switches can be used, varying from commercially available inexpensive types to more ...

[Kevin Darrah] wanted to make a simple 3.3V regulator without using an integrated circuit. He wound up using two common NPN transistors and 4 1K resistors. The circuit isn’t going to beat out… ...

However, as is sometimes the case, you can replace a complicated circuit by a simple one without much loss of performance. For example, transistors and resistors replace the entire IC (Figure 1). The ...

Curious how a solar-powered lamp powers an LED with just a single 1.2-V cell? In a 2012 edition, Elektor presented a clever single-transistor voltage converter circuit by Burkhard Kainka. Let's ...

Also, the known J-and D flip-flops first needed to use an anti-glitch R-S circuit, making the design too complex. So, I tried a simple circuit using a 7402 quadruple NOR gate (see the figure).