TCP/IP also is a layered protocol but does not use all of the OSI layers, though the layers are equivalent in operation and function (Fig. 2). The network access layer is equivalent to OSI layers ...

Conceived in the 1970s when computer networking was taking off, two separate models were merged in 1983 and published in 1984 to create the OSI model that most people are familiar with today.

Understanding TCP/IP is crucial for any networking professional as it lays the foundation for understanding how data moves across the network. TCP/IP Components. The TCP/IP model comprises four layers ...