Ladder logic is a programming language that mimics the logic of electrical circuits. It uses electrical control symbols to represent the input and output devices, contacts, coils, timers, counters ...

SFC is a graphical language that uses symbols and connectors to represent the flow of logic and control in a PLC program. The main elements of SFC are steps, transitions, and actions.

Symbols linked together form a flow chart. Flow chart programming consists of: sequences of instructions that lead to a real-life simulation decisions that result in two different actions loops ...

In this paper, we tackle the problem of localizing graphical symbols on complex technical document images by using an original approach to solve the subgraph isomorphism problem. In the proposed ...