In fruit flies, the signaling cascade is initiated by maternally provided transcripts that are present in eggs at the time of fertilization. While transcripts like caudal (cad) and hunchback (hb ...

Fruit flies with genetic mutations that severely reduce sleep show enhanced performance in olfactory memory tasks, ...

Cell signalling is the mechanism by which stimuli are transmitted via a signalling cascade to effector molecules that orchestrate the appropriate response. Types of cell signalling pathways ...

The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascade can be activated by several different stimuli (e.g., receptor tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptors). Mutations in Ras as well as other upstream ...

Upon aversive stimulus (electric foot shock), acetylcholine activates PAK kinase through the M1R-PKC cascade to facilitate synaptic plasticity. It also enhances PKC-mediated KCNQ2 phosphorylation ...