In general, systematic errors cause a bias in measurements that result in an ‘offset’ of measured data points from the ‘true’ value of the quantity being measured. Systematic errors are commonly ...

To identify the random error, the average of 10 repeat measurements of the liquid has been evaluated, and the scatter of these measurements is identified.

Non-sampling errors fall under two categories: random and systematic. Random errors are believed to offset each other and therefore, most often, are of little concern.