In this paper, we address the problem of the joint three-dimensional (3D) localization of a hybrid RIS (HRIS) and a user. The most cost- and power-efficient hybrid version of an RIS is equipped with a ...

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Methods based on 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) for surface reconstruction face challenges when applied to large-scale scenes captured by UAV. Because the number of 3D Gaussians increases dramatically, ...