Scientists printed tissues in their final shape, hoping they would work like natural organs. But this approach failed to copy the active shaping that happens during early development.

This study developed a 4D-printed tubular biocomposite designed for precise moisture-triggered shape changes. The goal was to create sustainable, programmable actuators for applications like solar ...

New 4D bioprinting lets tissues change shape and grow stronger, bringing science closer to real, working lab-grown organs. (CREDIT: Adobe Stock) During the early stages of life, organs do not just ...