PID controllers are widely used in industrial applications to regulate temperature, pressure, flow, speed, and other process variables. A PID controller can be represented by a function block with ...

Secondary flow controllers would be too slow in these cases. Most process equipment involving liquids can benefit from secondary flow controllers. Here, ratio control is used to achieve and correct as ...

Classical PID control is most commonly used in a closed control feedback loop to regulate the process. This paper proposes the state feedback controller for the flow control loop. A comparative study ...

Additionally, some PID controllers allow selection of the algorithm type, most commonly position or velocity. The position algorithm is the choice for most applications, such as heating and cooling ...

There are many alternate control algorithms to the basic PID controller. PID evolved in the mechanical-pneumatic, pre-electronic days. Mechanical devices were replaced by analog electronic devices, ...

Figure 2: To avoid high frequency chattering of SMC, a saturation function can be employed as depicted in this block diagram of the Sliding Mode Control outlined above. Discrepancies between actual ...

Flow control is a very common use for PID controllers. This application involves controlling the volume of fluid or gas flowing through a pipe with a valve. This volume is monitored and then ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...