In this OR Gate that was made using NPN transistors, the LED is illuminated when either, or both, buttons are pressed. When a button is pressed current flows into the base pin of one of the ...

Transistor Circuits Design. March 8, 2010 by D Mohankumar Comments 25. Advertisement. ... T1 is a general purpose NPN transtior like BC 548. A potential divider comprising R1 and R2 bias the base of ...

If you are driving the transistor’s base with 0V to 5V while emitter is on 12V (Vbe is then -7V to -12V), you can’t fully turn the transistor off as there is some base current flowing at all ...

The NAND gate outputs LOW only if all inputs are HIGH. Otherwise, the output is HIGH. Circuit Diagram: Operation: The two transistors are connected in series. For current to flow from Vcc through the ...

Circuit diagrams often show transistors in switching circuits. For an ideal NPN transistor, the switch-on voltage at the base is typically 0.6V (acceptable range is 0.6V to 0.8V).

Field-effect transistors fabricated from carbon nanotubes have been investigated extensively over the past two decades. This study demonstrates a nanotube-based integrated circuit design that ...

We present an easy-to-use, simulator-independent compact model of a vertical npn transistor suitable for ESD circuit simulation. In addition to including high-current and breakdown effects, we also ...