The open-loop heating system has some advantages, including design simplicity and ease of maintenance. With only voltage applied to a heat source, this method does not require an elaborate control ...

He added that many open platforms employ common industrial protocols like OPC UA, MQTT and Modbus, and all are supported by large developer-based communities. Crawford noted that the characteristics ...

Transitioning from intelligent to smart technologies has been a long way as it has taken decades of dedication. Navigating ...

Over 150 years ago, one of the first attempts to thoroughly describe control loops using feedback took place in James Clark Maxwell’s article, On Governors. 1 In control strategies, an open-loop ...

The company’s Alphastep Hybrid Control System uses a unique combination of open- and closed- loop control methodologies. Typically, open-loop control systems do not take in any feedback from the ...