Simple construction allows an open-loop Hall effect sensor to beat its closed-loop counterparts in terms of price, weight, and size; yet it may be susceptible to temperature variation and saturation.

A closed-loop heating system comprises a heat source, means for temperature feedback (i.e., thermocouple), and controller. In a closed-loop heating system, the controller—usually a PLC or a ...

Data center cooling applications can be served by either an open-loop cooling tower or a closed-circuit cooler. The requirements of the application, location of the facility, local utility costs, ...

This article investigates the real-time diagnosis of open circuit (OC) faults in three-phase voltage source inverters. First, the faulty three-phase current distortion rule is analyzed considering the ...

Here we report the design of a closed-loop genetic circuit that constantly monitors blood fatty acid levels in the setting of diet-associated hyperlipidemia and coordinates reversible and ...

Rosenstark’s brilliant idea was to perform a pair of loop measurements with the return side terminated first on an open circuit and then on a short circuit , and then to suitably combine the two ...