It describes a "protocol stack," which is a set of rules and formats that interact with each other. For other protocol stacks, see TCP/IP, SDVoE, ATM, SNA and SS7. See OSI and ISO. Upper Layers ...

This paper explains the 2 popular reference models: OSI reference model and TCP/IP model, by comparing the functionality of each layer in both models.

Frame relay didn’t exactly fit the model because it contained some, but not all, of both layers 2 and 3. And TCP/IP didn’t even come close to following the seven layers as specified.

Ethernet is a layer 2 data link protocol that is widely used with the TCP/IP protocol, which resides at layers 3 and 4. To understand network communications, it is essential to learn about the ...