Object-oriented programming allows procedures about objects to be created whose exact type is not known until runtime ... C#, Java, Visual Basic.NET and Python are popular object-oriented languages.

While it might be acceptable to mutate a member variable in procedural or object-oriented programming, in functional programming it's frowned upon to change the state of a variable outside the scope ...

While OOP is a mainstay in programming languages such as Java, .NET, Python and C++, the tools available for building and testing OOP systems have largely remained confined to software environments.