The code leverages the Python while loop, Python’s most general loop statement. The built-in input function is used here for general console input, it prints its optional argument string as a prompt, ...

You can translate user input to lowercase using Python's built-in "lower" string function.

Athena User Defined Functions (UDFs) in Python made easy! This library implements the Athena UDF protocol in Python, so you don't have to use Java, and you can use any Python library you wish, ...

The one place they are pretty convenient is in languages (like Python) where multiple return values from one function can be used as multiple input parameters to another.