There have been some attempts over the years to put a number on the energy efficiency of specific programming languages, with a paper by Rui Pereira et al. from 2021 (preprint PDF) as published in ...

Let’s look at using efficient programming languages. Efficiency extends beyond hardware considerations and resource origin to the choice of programming languages.

In brief: Learning a programming language can be tricky, especially for someone new to coding. However, knowing the most popular languages may help some make a critical decision.