POLL watchdog Kontra Daya recently filed a petition before the Commission on Elections to disqualify Vendors party-list, whose nominees allegedly do not represent any marginalized group. Their broader ...

Closed List Proportional Representation is fairly straightforward. Open list and panachage are difficult to understand. All electoral systems can be open to the kind of influence exerted by ...

The party-list system, far from disrupting this logic, became its extension — eventually revealing its true character: a replication of patronage politics cloaked in the language of representation.