Cheng et al. identify a mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) deficiency in the brains of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They demonstrate that defects in mitochondrial CIV ...

For some causes, though, it’s important to contact a doctor. The medical term for a bunion is “hallux valgus.” It’s a toe deformity that occurs when the big toe joint angles in toward the ...

The anatomy here is particularly complex, leading to a greater variety of potentially painful problems. Two small bones, called sesamoid bones, residing under the 1st metatarsal, add significantly to ...

Osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is described as: Hallux limitus, which occurs when the joint movement is limited. Hallux rigidus, which happens when the joint becomes unusually ...

Objective The treatment effect of orthoses for hallux valgus (HV) is unclear with little interventional studies, the design involves multiple complex factors, and therefore a systematic analysis with ...

The Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) conducts research on the conditions for peaceful relations between states, groups and people.