The study of such graphs is called graph theory. Engineers need to find planarity in a graph when, for example, they are designing a computer chip without a crossed wire.

The higher-order analogue of a graph, for example, is called a hypergraph, and instead of edges, it has “hyperedges.” These can connect multiple nodes, which means it can represent multi-way ...

Refining with colors Mathematicians have developed various strategies to compare graphs. Since the 1970s, algorithms have been able to test graph isomorphism, but in exponential time.

William S. Cleveland, Robert McGill, Graphical Perception: Theory, Experimentation, and Application to the Development of Graphical Methods, Journal of the American ...

But the concept dates back to the 18th century, when Leonhard Euler laid the foundation of graph theory. Euler was a Swiss scientist and engineer whose solution to the Seven Bridges of Königsberg ...

It also has direct and crucial implications for a branch of mathematics known as graph theory. These graphs consist of collections of points, or vertices, that may (or may not) be connected to each ...