In this paper, we compare four state-of-the-art gradient boosting algorithms viz. XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM and SnapBoost. All these algorithms are a form of Gradient Boosting Decision Trees(GBDTs).

The amount of code written has increased significantly in recent years and it has become one of the major tasks to judge the time-complexities of these codes. Multi-Class classification using machine ...